Casual Relations (1973)

What do vampires, Hollywood melodramas, porn films, the countdown of golden oldies, and drives down the highway with Mick Jagger on the radio have in common? Casual Relations knows.


The words above are those of Boston University professor and evangelist of of independent cinema, Ray Carney. Neither Carney nor Casual Relations full explains what they mean. On first glance, Casual Relations is a confusing assortment of puzzle pieces, few of which appear to connect.

I have never found Rappaport’s films to be easily engaged. There is a both a subtly and a secrecy inherent in his films. One that a younger version of myself would scoff at for being pretentious or poorly constructed.

Presently, I still must struggle with Casual Relations, but it took me many viewing of other Rappaport films, such as Scenic Route and Chain Letters, to see what was really going on. If there is an in-road to understanding Casual Relations, or better yet ‘feeling’, what Rappaport is striving towards, that key comes in one harsh and naked scene. A photographer attempts to take naked pictures of a young model while screaming at his wife and child off screen. Outside of the vulgarity, the real humor and sadness, comes from a man torn the reality of his family and the fantasy before his camera.

This coexistence of reality and fantasy share equal space across the entire film. Each vignette explores real human desires, but in such unconventional terms that the whole film takes on the feelings of an experimental farce. Early images of blue skies and clouds, accented with high pitch tones and later imagery of iron bridgework with similar sounds feel as if they could have come from a Michael Snow film . While the static camera and the limited action of scenes where a woman watches television all day or another stares at the wall could be right at home in Warhol’s oeuvre.

However, Rappaport has more of a sense of humor than Snow or Warhol. He also have more interest in human psychology and in particular, the strange obsessions and dreams that drive us all. He also stealthily hints that our dreams and obsessions may be intertwined. This notion connected lives is continued in later works by Rappaport, but here a germination of this idea is presented. A picture above a bed gives insight into one woman’s recurring nightmares, while the porno film that another woman stars transforms into a man’s imaginative stimulation. Again and again Rappaport slyly connects dots bringing seemingly unconnected vignettes together.

As much as I can first find it aggravating, I ultimately admire Rappaport for his understatement. It would be wrong to say he uses red herrings or deception, but he is constantly presenting scenes that are never quite what they appear to be. A better analogy might be that of a man with a mask. The mask hides the man’s face, but all men choose their masks. The man’s choice of a mask says something about who he is at the same time it hides his physical appearance.

Rappaport is constantly putting masks on his work, that hide their true intent. This makes his work is difficult to grasp. My first impression of his films is always a toss up between genius and incompetency. With subsequent viewing and a willful redirection of my own mind, or perhaps a removal of some inner mask, I am able to feel for his films. They hide behind masks because what lies underneath, our true feelings, dreams, obsessions, they are all raw and vulnerable.

It will take many subsequent viewings at many stages in my life before I can even begin to understand Casual Relations.

Afternoon (1975)

Afternoon is an early short film by British director Mike Leigh. One of five, The Five Minute Films made by Leigh for television. Two women enjoy drinks, cigarettes, and conversation. A younger recently married girl joins the conversation and is shocked at the way the women jeer and jibe one another about their husbands.

The natural chemistry between the two women allows one to jump right into their conversation with great comfort as if you too have known these women years and  you are familiar with the on going battles between them and their husbands. Their conversation could go on for hours, as surely does, when they get together and have a few drinks. The inclusion of the young newly-wed gives this slice of life direction and boundary, leading up to a subtle, yet telling moment when the young girl wonders if she too will one day talk about her husband in a similar fashion.

Between Afternoon and The Birth of the Goalie of the 2001 F.A. Finale one can learn a lot more about love that in just about every romantic comedy ever made.

Probation (1975)

Probation is an early short film by British director Mike Leigh. One of five, The Five Minute Films made by Leigh for television. Of all the five minute films this is the only one to be, in essence, a punchline film. Two young men wait to see their parole officer. One of them, a young black fellow, is in for his first meeting. He’s been arrested for thieving, though he swears he’s innocent. His parole officer has heard it all before. He also tries to lighten the mood with an off-color comment that brings about cringes rather than laughs.

Of all five of Mike Leigh’s five minute films this feels the least fleshed out and yet also the most real. I am sure many young blokes have been in this young lad’s position, been forced to deal with the double-edged and racist humor, and could do very little about it.

A Light Snack (1975)

A Light Snack is an early short film by British director Mike Leigh. One of five, The Five Minute Films made by Leigh for television. This particular one cross-cuts between a window washer who has come to do a row house’s windows and two workers in a food manufacturing plant. The lack of conversation between the window washer and the woman who lives in the house is juxtaposed against the constant yakking of one of the men on the assembly line. Where as the woman seems desperate to converse, the other man on the assembly line only wishes his co-worker would shut up. The two stories are connected by a stale sausage roll, made by the two workers and given to the window washer by way of the woman getting her windows washed.

As it is with all of these five minute films, less emphasis is placed on the story and more is placed on the interaction between characters. You’ll find no twist endings or punchlines. The stale sausage roll is as close to irony as you can find in any of these films. But, the piece itself is anything but stale.

If this film were a light snack it would be a piece of fruit, seemingly lost and unwanted, in a see of sweets and junk food. For most people short film are synonymous with jokes. Mike Leigh suggests they could be something else.

Mammals (1963)

Ssaki (aka Mammals) finds two men wandering about a barren snowscape. For a time, one man pulls a sled while the other fellow sits on the sled plucking feathers from a bird. The tow men trade places. They argue. They have accidents. They fight. Nothing is said. The piece, like most of Polanski’s shorts, is free from dialog. Ssaki is in the spirit of Beckett and Chaplin. It’s absurd theater translated to the silent cinema, but rather than provoke grand thoughts or laughs the film only produces questions. How could Polanski go from making Mammals to making Knife in the Water? The two films feel words apart stylistically.

The Lamp (1959)

Heightening elements of surrealism that began to show in Two Men and a Wardrobe, Lampa (aka The Lamp) trades story and allegory for ambiance and production design. A toy maker’s shop, littered with worn doll parts becomes the center stage for a tragedy. Lit with golden light and traversed with artful camera movements The Lamp aches with beauty, but all the design and planning feel overwrought and too exquisite. This is the cinema of dream (or nightmares). T here is nothing wrong with this, but for Polanski this feels more like a detour than destination. Where as other of Polanski works explore the dark nature of the humanity, here there is only a lamp.

Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958)

Dwaj ludzie z szafa (aka Two Men and a Wardrobe) is political analogy, a student film, and a small masterpiece.

Two men appear from the sea. They are carrying a large wardrobe. They wander through a sea side town unable to find accommidations. They are rejected by all those they encounter, though their wardrobe does provide a small service to one or two people along the way. In the end, the two men and the wardrobe return to the sea; rejected.

What makes this analogy of intolerance so remarkable is that it was made by Polanski while he was still a young, maturing filmmaker. The film is confidently composed and framed in a style the evokes both the comedies of Keaton and Chaplin as well as the surreal collaborations of Dali and Bunuel. By keeping his short films silent, Polanski relies on action and symbolism to speak where his characters do not. In this way, his work often says more than the chattiest student films.

Today, it is extremely rare to find a student film of this caliber. Students today are too fearful and immature to tackle politics and they are too reliant on glib conversations and clever lines, often poorly delivered.  Here, Polanski attempts to make a statement about the cruel nature of humanity. He does it without cheap visual trickery, flashy editing, or twist endings. He does it simply with the power of cinema.

Break Up The Dance (1957)

What fun this must have been to shoot. Roman Polanski says that Rozbijemy zabawe (aka Break Up The Dance) was his attempt at a cinema verite style film. The camera work is loose, casually documenting teens as they set up for an evening dance. It’s an exclusive affair, until some rowdy hooligans jump the fence and trash the place. Polanski was behind it all, arranging for the dance, as well as the wild youths who ruin the party. There is a great deal of energy, both potential and kinetic that runs through the film. Polanski is capable of raising a great deal of tension in a short time. Yet, things really take off when the hooligans arrive. Bodies are swing and spilling all over the frame. Then just as soon as it had started, the actions ends with the discarded remains of a raucous night strewn about.

I suspect from both the premise and the jovial glee with which the camera documents the destruction of the party that Polanski sides emotionally with the outsider boys.

Teeth Smile (1957)

Usmiech zebiczny (aka Teeth Smile) is another example of the film school exercise that exceeds the boundaries placed upon itself. Young Roman Polanski was merely asked to do a small piece about a peeping tom. What he created is not only a technically polished picture, but one that more importantly hits the right tonal rhythms. The combination of exhilaration and trepidation is palatable. The fact that he employs actors far older than himself or his classmates is something all student filmmakers should note. Breaking free from your small circle of friends is one of the cheapest ways to add dimension to your production.

Murder (1957)

Moderstwo (aka Murder). A single word. A single action. You could also call this early student film by Roman Polanski, “Exercise”. It is bare-bones narrative. A man enters a room. That man kills another man as he sleeps. Then the man leaves. Stylistically, the film is dark, but on purpose. The shots are minimal, interesting, and inventive. The simplicity speaks to Polanski’s early understanding of the language cinema. I can’t say that all film students possess skill this refined. Then again, how many of them shoot the moon or bite off more than they can chew? All would-be filmmakers should first start with restraint, either self-imposed or otherwise.